Trong tiếng anh để nói đến mong ước, ước muốn làm điều gì đó hay trở nên như thế nào đó chúng ta sử dụng Wish. Chính vì lẽ đó bài viết này của chúng tôi trình bày một chút về Cấu trúc wish, ý nghĩa, cách dùng và một số bài tập áp dụng.
Ý nghĩa cấu trúc wish là gì
– “Wish” là động từ được sử dụng trong câu để bày tỏ ước muốn trong quá khứ, hiện tại và tương lai của chủ thể. Tuy nhiên, cách dùng “wish” không đơn giản như việc sử dụng các loại động từ khác.
Ví dụ: I wish I would go to London in the next winter (Tôi ước mình sẽ được đi London vào mùa đông tới)
Cách dùng wish ở hiện tại
– Cấu trúc wish ở hiện tại dùng để bày tỏ ước muốn không có thật ở hiện tại hay giả định một điều trái ngược với sự thật ở hiện tại.
S + wish(es) + S + V(quá khứ)
*Lưu ý:
Động từ đứng sau “wish” luôn được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn.
Động từ TOBE được sử dụng sau wish luôn là WERE với tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ:
I can’t speak English well. I wish I could speak English so well. ( tôi không thể nói tiếng anh tốt. Tôi ước tôi có thể nói tiếng anh thật giỏi)
Cách dùng wish ở quá khứ
Cấu trúc wish ở quá khứ là thể hiện : Ước muốn một điều không có thật trong quá khứ. Thường dùng để bày tỏ sự tiếc nuối đã không làm gì đó trong quá khứ.
S + wish(es) + S + had + V(PII/ed)
– Động từ sau Had chia ở quá khứ hoàn thành.
Ví dụ:
I didn’t meet her. – I wish I had met her. ( tôi đã không gặp cô ấy. Tôi ước gì tôi đã gặp cô ấy rồi).
Cách dùng wish ở tương lai
Cấu trúc wish ở tương lai là thể hiện mong ước ở tương lai
Example:
My father drinks so much. – My mother wishes he would stop drinking. ( Cha của tôi uống bia rượu rất nhiều. Mẹ tôi ước mong ông ấy bỏ được rượu bia).
Cách dùng “If only” thay thế cho “wish”
– Ý nghĩa: Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa của “wish” chúng ta có thể sử dụng “If only” để thay thế
Example:
If only I had seen her last night
Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khi sử dụng mệnh đề Wish
Wish + Could (trong thì quá khứ)
S + wish(es) + S + could + have + V(PII/ed)
Example:
He couldn’t come to my house. – I wish he could have come to my house. ( Anh ấy không thể đến nhà của tôi. Tôi ước anh ấy có thể đến nhà của tôi).
Dùng “wish to” theo cách nói hơi mang tính hình thức, lịch sự để thay cho “want to”.
Example:
Dùng Wish + cụm danh từ phía sau để đưa ra lời chúc ai đó
Example:
Bài tập với wish
1. Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc “wish +past simple”
For example: ‘I’m cold’ becomes ‘I wish (that) I wasn’t cold’. 1. I don’t have a car. __________________________________________________________________ 2. I can’t play the piano. __________________________________________________________________ 3. I’m at work. __________________________________________________________________ 4. It’s winter. __________________________________________________________________ 5. I’m ill. __________________________________________________________________ 6. I don’t have new shoes. __________________________________________________________________ 7. I can’t afford to go on holiday. __________________________________________________________________ 8. I don’t have time to read lots of books. __________________________________________________________________ 9. I can’t drive. __________________________________________________________________ 10. My laptop is broken. __________________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. I wish (that) I had a car. 2. I wish (that) I could play the piano. 3. I wish (that) I wasn’t at work. 4. I wish (that) it wasn’t winter. 5. I wish (that) I wasn’t ill. 6. I wish (that) I had new shoes. 7. I wish (that) I could afford to go on holiday. 8. I wish (that) I had time to read lots of books. 9. I wish (that) I could drive. 10. I wish (that) my laptop wasn’t broken.
2. Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất.
1. I don’t have anything to smoke.
A. I wish I knew more people.
B. I wish I had more time.
C. I wish I had a cigarette.
D. I wish I knew something about cars.
E. I wish I understood it better.
2. Simon has gone on holiday and I really need to speak to him.
A. I wish I was twenty again.
B. I wish I was better-looking.
C. I wish they were smaller.
D. I wish he was here.
E. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.
3. Girls don’t like me because I’m ugly!
A. I wish I was twenty again.
B. I wish I was better-looking.
C. I wish I had a more powerful one
D. I wish I had an interesting one.
E. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.
4. I don’t have much time.
A. I wish I knew more people.
B. I wish I had more time.
C. I wish I wasn’t working.
D. I wish I knew something about cars.
E. I wish I understood it better.
5. My computer is old and slow.
A. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love
B. I wish I earned more money.
C. I wish I had a more powerful one
D. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
E. I wish I finished earlier.
6. It’s really cold here. The climate is awful.
A. I wish I knew more people.
B. I wish I had more time.
C. I wish I had a cigarette.
D. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
E. I wish I understood it better.
7. I’m lonely.
A. I wish I knew more people.
B. I wish I were a better cook.
C. I wish I wasn’t working.
D. I wish I knew something about cars.
E. I wish I understood it better.
8. Mark and Sally are going to India but it’s not possible for me to go with them.
A. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love.
B. I wish I had more food.
C. I wish I had a cigarette.
D. I wish I lived in a smaller country.
E. I wish I finished earlier.
9. I feel really old.
A. I wish I was twenty again.
B. I wish I earned more money.
C. I wish I had a more powerful one
D. I wish I had an interesting one.
E. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.
10. My job is really boring.
A. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love
B. I wish I saved more money.
C. I wish I had a more powerful one
D. I wish I had an interesting one.
E. I wish I finished earlier.
11. I don’t speak Spanish.
A. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love
B. I wish I earned more money.
C. I wish I had a more powerful one
D. I wish I had an interesting one.
E. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.
12. I don’t understand English as well as I want.
A. I wish I lived in Paris.
B. I wish I were a better cook.
C. I wish I wasn’t working.
D. I wish I knew something about cars.
E. I wish I understood it better.
13. My job pays really badly.
A. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love
B. I wish I earned more money.
C. I wish I had a cigarette.
D. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
E. I wish I finished earlier.
14. Sorry. I’ve burnt the spaghetti again.
A. I wish I lived in London.
B. I wish I were a better cook.
C. I wish they were smaller.
D. I wish he was here.
E. I wish I could have the weekend off.
15. This town is so boring.
A. I wish I lived in London.
B. I wish I was better-looking.
C. I wish they were smaller.
D. I wish he was here.
E. I wish I could have the weekend off.
16. I don’t like working late at night.
A. I wish I knew more people.
B. I wish I had more friends.
C. I wish I had a cigarette.
D. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
E. I wish I finished earlier.
17. I cannot go to the wedding as I’ve got to work.
A. I wish I lived in London.
B. I wish I were a better cook.
C. I wish I wasn’t working.
D. I wish he was here.
E. I wish I could have the weekend off.
18. My car has broken down and I don’t know what to do.
A. I wish I lived in London.
B. I wish I were a better cook.
C. I wish I wasn’t working.
D. I wish I knew something about cars.
E. I wish I could have the weekend off.
19. I’ve got to work on Saturday.
A. I wish I was twenty again.
B. I wish I was better-looking.
C. I wish they were smaller.
D. I wish he was here.
E. I wish I could have the weekend off.
20. I cannot buy trainers in ordinary shops because my feet are too big.
A. I wish I was twenty again.
B. I wish I was better-looking.
C. I wish they were smaller.
D. I wish I had an interesting one.
E. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.
Đáp án:
1C
2D
3B
4B
5C
6D
7A
8A
9A
10D
11E
12E
13B
14B
15A
16E
17C
18D
19E
20C
3. Chọn câu trả đúng nhất.
A. lived
B. would live
C. had lived
A. had
B. would have
C. had had
A. were
B. would be
C. had been
A. didn’t buy
B. wouldn’t buy
C. hadn’t bought
A. listened
B. would listen
C. had listened
A. stopped
B. would stop
C. had stopped
A. could
B. would be able to
C. had been able to
A. lived
B. would live
C. had lived
A. was
B. would be
C. had been
A. were
B. would be
C. had been
A. hurried
B. would hurry
C. had hurried
A. was
C. would be
D. had been
A. ended
B. would end
C. had ended
A. were
B. would be
C. had been
A. paid
C. would pay
D. had paid
A. told
B. would tell
C. had told
A. came
B. would come
C. had come
A. stopped
B. would stop
C.had stopped
A. had
B. would have
C. had had
A. did
B. would do
C. had done
Đáp án:
1A
2A
3C
4C
5B
6B
7A
8A
9A
10B
11A
12B
13B
14A
15C
16C
17B
18B
19A
20A
Như vậy là chúng ta đã cùng tìm hiểu một điểm ngữ pháp vô cùng quan trọng đó là cấu trúc wish: Ý nghĩa, cách dùng và các bài tập áp dụng từ cơ bản đến nâng cao. Chúng tôi rất mong nhận được sự đóng góp ý kiến từ phía thầy cô và các bạn.
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